FASD and ND in the NDOC

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and Neurodiversity in the NDOC

Studies suggest that FASD prevalence among incarcerated individuals ranges from 10–15%, underscoring the significant impact of this underdiagnosed neurodevelopmental condition within correctional populations. FASD contributes to cognitive and behavioral deficits, complicating rehabilitation efforts when left untreated.

• Childhood Trauma and Poverty: Nevada’s high rates of childhood trauma and socioeconomic challenges are strongly correlated with undiagnosed neurodiverse conditions.
• Limited Access to Mental Health Services: Inadequate mental health resources in underserved areas exacerbate the prevalence of untreated neurodiversity among incarcerated populations. This lack of intervention often leads to cycles of maladaptive behavior. 

• Conservative Estimate:
  Approximately 40–50% of the Nevada Department of Corrections (NDOC) population may exhibit neurodiverse traits, including ADHD, learning disabilities (LDs), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
• A More Realistic Estimate:
  A less conservative view of Nevada’s mental health crisis suggests an even higher prevalence of neurodiversity within the NDOC population. This is compounded by the high rates of trauma and substance use disorders, which often overlap with neurodevelopmental conditions.
• Total Impact:
  When these overlapping factors are considered, the contribution of neurodiversity to maladaptive behavior becomes even more significant. These conditions often go undiagnosed or untreated, leading to behavioral challenges, academic failure, and, eventually, criminal behavior. Addressing these underlying issues represents a pivotal opportunity to reduce recidivism and improve rehabilitation outcomes for learning disabilities (LDs), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or FASD.

1. Identification Gap:
   Many neurodiverse individuals in prison remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed, leaving their underlying conditions unaddressed.
2. Behavioral Misunderstanding:
   Neurodiverse behaviors are often mislabeled as defiance or laziness, leading to punitive responses instead of rehabilitative support.
3. Rehabilitation Opportunity:
   By identifying and addressing neurodiverse traits, Nevada can:
   • Dramatically reduce recidivism rates.
   • Improve inmate rehabilitation outcomes.
   • Significantly lower correctional costs through targeted, effective interventions.